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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Knowledge Engineering Environment</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="IntelliCorp_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="IntelliCorp (software)">IntelliCorp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1983<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1983</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Symbolics Lisp Machine, TI Explorer Lisp Machine, HP 9000 Series 700 and 800 workstations, the Sun
SPARCstation and IBM RS6000 workstation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Expert_system" title="Expert system">Expert system</a> development tool</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>
<b>Knowledge Engineering Environment</b> (<b>KEE</b>) is a <a href="Frame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Frame language">frame-based</a> development tool for <a href="Expert_system" title="Expert system">expert systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was developed and sold by <a href="IntelliCorp_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="IntelliCorp (software)">IntelliCorp</a>, and was first released in 1983. It ran on <a href="Lisp_machine" title="Lisp machine">Lisp machines</a>, and was later ported to Lucid <a href="Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a> with the CLX <a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library</a>, an <a href="X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> (X11) interface for Common Lisp. This version was available on several different UNIX <a href="Workstation" title="Workstation">workstations</a>.
</p><p>On KEE, several extensions were offered:
</p>
<ul><li>Simkit, a frame-based simulation library<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>KEEconnection, <a href="Database_connection" title="Database connection">database connection</a> between the frame system and <a href="Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational databases</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<p>In KEE, frames are called <i>units</i>. Units are used for both individual instances and classes. Frames have <i>slots</i> and slots have <i>facets</i>. Facets can describe, for example, a slot's expected values, its working value, or its inheritance rule. Slots can have multiple values. Behavior can be implemented using a <a href="Message_passing" title="Message passing">message passing</a> model.
</p><p>KEE provides an extensive <a href="Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) to create, browse, and manipulate frames.
</p><p>KEE also includes a frame-based <a href="Production_system_(computer_science)" title="Production system (computer science)">rule system</a>. In the KEE knowledge base, rules are frames. Both <a href="Forward_chaining" title="Forward chaining">forward chaining</a> and <a href="Backward_chaining" title="Backward chaining">backward chaining</a> <a href="Inference_engine" title="Inference engine">inference</a> are available.
</p><p>KEE supports non-monotonic reasoning through the concepts of <i>worlds</i>. Worlds allow providing alternative slot-values of frames. Through an assumption-based truth or <a href="Reason_maintenance" title="Reason maintenance">reason maintenance</a> system, inconsistencies can be detected and analyzed.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><i>ActiveImages</i> allows graphical displays to be attached to slots of Units. Typical examples are buttons, dials, graphs, and histograms. The graphics are also implemented as Units via <i>KEEPictures</i>, a frame-based graphics library.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Expert_system" title="Expert system">Expert system</a></li>
<li><a href="Frame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Frame language">Frame language</a></li>
<li><a href="Inference_engine" title="Inference engine">Inference engine</a></li>
<li><a href="IntelliCorp_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="IntelliCorp (software)">IntelliCorp (software)</a></li>
<li><a href="Knowledge_base" title="Knowledge base">Knowledge base</a></li>
<li><a href="Knowledge-based_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Knowledge-based system">Knowledge-based system</a></li>
<li><a href="Knowledge_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Knowledge representation">Knowledge representation</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=62001"><i>An evaluation of expert system development tools</i></a>. Ablex Publishing Corp. 1989. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780893914943</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStelznerDynisCummins1989" class="citation book cs1">Stelzner, M.; Dynis, J.; Cummins, F. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.4/5006">"The SimKit system: knowledge-based simulation and modeling tools in KEE"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the 21st conference on Winter simulation - WSC '89</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">232–</span>234. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F76738.76766">10.1145/76738.76766</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0911801588</bdi>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:18125370">18125370</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=62001"><i>SimKit: a model-building simulation toolkit</i></a>. Ablex Publishing Corp. 1989. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780893914943</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=62001"><i>KEEConnection: a bridge between databases and knowledge bases</i></a>. Ablex Publishing Corp. 1989. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780893914943</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=62001"><i>Reasoning with worlds and truth maintenance</i></a>. Ablex Publishing Corp. 1989. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780893914943</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110022104/http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/viewArticle/625">An Assessment of Tools for Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems</a></li></ul>
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</style><div id="Common_Lisp121" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">Implementations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Allegro_Common_Lisp" title="Allegro Common Lisp">Allegro CL</a></li>
<li><a href="Armed_Bear_Common_Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Bear Common Lisp">Armed Bear Common Lisp</a> (ABCL)</li>
<li><a href="CLISP" title="CLISP">CLISP</a></li>
<li><a href="Clozure_CL" title="Clozure CL">Clozure CL</a></li>
<li><a href="CMU_Common_Lisp" title="CMU Common Lisp">CMU Common Lisp</a> (CMUCL)</li>
<li><a href="Corman_Common_Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Corman Common Lisp">Corman Common Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Embeddable_Common_Lisp" title="Embeddable Common Lisp">Embeddable Common Lisp</a> (ECL)</li>
<li><a href="GNU_Common_Lisp" title="GNU Common Lisp">GNU Common Lisp</a> (GCL)</li>
<li><a href="LispWorks" title="LispWorks">LispWorks</a></li>
<li><a href="Macintosh_Common_Lisp" title="Macintosh Common Lisp">Macintosh Common Lisp</a></li>
<li>ManKai Common Lisp (MKCL)</li>
<li><a href="Mocl" title="Mocl">Mocl</a></li>
<li><a href="Poplog" title="Poplog">Poplog</a></li>
<li><a href="CMU_Common_Lisp" title="CMU Common Lisp">Scieneer CL</a></li>
<li><a href="Steel_Bank_Common_Lisp" title="Steel Bank Common Lisp">Steel Bank Common Lisp</a> (SBCL)</li>
<li><a href="Genera_(operating_system)" title="Genera (operating system)">Symbolics Common Lisp</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software" title="Software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">Libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Quicklisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Quicklisp">Quicklisp</a> Library Manager</li>
<li><a href="Allegro_Common_Lisp" title="Allegro Common Lisp">AllegroCache</a></li>
<li><a href="Allegro_Common_Lisp" title="Allegro Common Lisp">AllegroServe</a></li>
<li><a href="Another_System_Definition_Facility" title="Another System Definition Facility">Another System Definition Facility</a> (ASDF)</li>
<li>Caveman2</li>
<li><a href="CLiki" title="CLiki">CLiki</a></li>
<li><a href="Common_Lisp_Interface_Manager" title="Common Lisp Interface Manager">Common Lisp Interface Manager</a> (CLIM)</li>
<li><a href="CLSQL" title="CLSQL">CLSQL</a></li>
<li><a href="CL-HTTP" title="CL-HTTP">CL-HTTP</a></li>
<li>CLX</li>
<li>Ironclad</li>
<li>Weblocks</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Application_software" title="Application software">Applications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="ACL2" title="ACL2">ACL2</a></li>
<li><a href="Common_Lisp_Music" title="Common Lisp Music">Common Lisp Music</a></li>
<li><a href="Common_Music_Notation" title="Common Music Notation">Common Music Notation</a></li>
<li><a href="ICAD_(software)" title="ICAD (software)">ICAD</a></li>
<li><a href="FriCAS" title="FriCAS">FriCAS</a></li>
<li><a href="Mirai_(software)" title="Mirai (software)">Mirai</a></li>
<li><a href="Maxima_(software)" title="Maxima (software)">Maxima</a></li>
<li><a href="N-World" title="N-World">N-World</a></li>
<li><a href="OpenMusic" title="OpenMusic">OpenMusic</a></li>
<li><a href="StumpWM" class="mw-redirect" title="StumpWM">StumpWM</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">Development<br>environments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Allegro_Common_Lisp" title="Allegro Common Lisp">Allegro CL</a></li>
<li><a href="Clozure_CL" title="Clozure CL">Clozure CL</a></li>
<li><a href="Hemlock_(text_editor)" title="Hemlock (text editor)">Hemlock</a></li>
<li><a href="LispWorks" title="LispWorks">LispWorks</a></li>
<li><a href="SLIME" title="SLIME">SLIME</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Common_Lisp_the_Language" title="Common Lisp the Language">Common Lisp the Language</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Paradigms_of_AI_Programming%3A_Case_Studies_in_Common_Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Paradigms of AI Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp">Paradigms of AI Programming</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="The_Art_of_the_Metaobject_Protocol" title="The Art of the Metaobject Protocol">The Art of the Metaobject Protocol</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="On_Lisp" title="On Lisp">On Lisp</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Practical_Common_Lisp" title="Practical Common Lisp">Practical Common Lisp</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Object-Oriented_Programming_in_Common_Lisp" title="Object-Oriented Programming in Common Lisp">Object-Oriented Programming in Common Lisp</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design committee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="X3J13" title="X3J13">X3J13</a></li>
<li><a href="Guy_L._Steele_Jr." title="Guy L. Steele Jr.">Guy L. Steele Jr.</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Scott_Fahlman" title="Scott Fahlman">Scott Fahlman</a></li>
<li><a href="Richard_P._Gabriel" title="Richard P. Gabriel">Richard P. Gabriel</a></li>
<li><a href="Philip_Greenspun" title="Philip Greenspun">Philip Greenspun</a></li>
<li><a href="David_A._Moon" title="David A. Moon">David A. Moon</a></li>
<li><a href="Kent_Pitman" title="Kent Pitman">Kent Pitman</a></li>
<li><a href="Robin_Popplestone" title="Robin Popplestone">Robin Popplestone</a></li>
<li><a href="Guy_L._Steele_Jr." title="Guy L. Steele Jr.">Guy L. Steele Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="Daniel_Weinreb" title="Daniel Weinreb">Daniel Weinreb</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Common_Lisp_Object_System" title="Common Lisp Object System">Common Lisp Object System</a> (CLOS)</li>
<li><a href="Common_Lisp_HyperSpec" title="Common Lisp HyperSpec">Common Lisp HyperSpec</a></li>
<li><a href="Greenspun's_tenth_rule" title="Greenspun's tenth rule">Greenspun's tenth rule</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lisp_programming880" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lisp_programming880" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp programming</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Garbage_collection_(computer_science)" title="Garbage collection (computer science)">Automatic storage management</a></li>
<li><a href="Conditional_(computer_programming)" title="Conditional (computer programming)">Conditionals</a></li>
<li><a href="Dynamic_typing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic typing">Dynamic typing</a></li>
<li><a href="Higher-order_function" title="Higher-order function">Higher-order functions</a></li>
<li><a href="Linked_list" title="Linked list">Linked lists</a></li>
<li><a href="Macro_(computer_science)" title="Macro (computer science)">Macros</a></li>
<li><a href="M-expression" title="M-expression">M-expressions</a> (deprecated)</li>
<li><a href="Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop" title="Read–eval–print loop">Read–eval–print loop</a></li>
<li><a href="Recursion_(computer_science)" title="Recursion (computer science)">Recursion</a></li>
<li><a href="S-expression" title="S-expression">S-expressions</a></li>
<li><a href="Self-hosting_(compilers)" title="Self-hosting (compilers)">Self-hosting</a> <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a></li>
<li><a href="Tree_data_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree data structure">Tree data structures</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">Object</a> systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Common_Lisp_Object_System" title="Common Lisp Object System">Common Lisp Object System</a> (CLOS)</li>
<li><a href="CommonLoops" title="CommonLoops">CommonLoops</a></li>
<li><a href="Flavors_(programming_language)" title="Flavors (programming language)">Flavors</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">Implementations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Standardized</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common<br>Lisp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Allegro_Common_Lisp" title="Allegro Common Lisp">Allegro Common Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Armed_Bear_Common_Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Bear Common Lisp">Armed Bear Common Lisp</a> (ABCL)</li>
<li><a href="CLISP" title="CLISP">CLISP</a></li>
<li><a href="Clozure_CL" title="Clozure CL">Clozure CL</a></li>
<li><a href="CMU_Common_Lisp" title="CMU Common Lisp">CMU Common Lisp</a> (CMUCL)</li>
<li><a href="Corman_Common_Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Corman Common Lisp">Corman Common Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Embeddable_Common_Lisp" title="Embeddable Common Lisp">Embeddable Common Lisp</a> (ECL)</li>
<li><a href="GNU_Common_Lisp" title="GNU Common Lisp">GNU Common Lisp</a> (GCL)</li>
<li><a href="LispWorks" title="LispWorks">LispWorks</a></li>
<li><a href="Macintosh_Common_Lisp" title="Macintosh Common Lisp">Macintosh Common Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Mocl" title="Mocl">Mocl</a></li>
<li>Movitz</li>
<li><a href="Poplog" title="Poplog">Poplog</a></li>
<li><a href="Steel_Bank_Common_Lisp" title="Steel Bank Common Lisp">Steel Bank Common Lisp</a> (SBCL)</li>
<li><a href="Genera_(operating_system)" title="Genera (operating system)">Symbolics Common Lisp</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language)">Scheme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="History_of_the_Scheme_programming_language" title="History of the Scheme programming language">History</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Bigloo" title="Bigloo">Bigloo</a></li>
<li><a href="Chez_Scheme" title="Chez Scheme">Chez Scheme</a></li>
<li><a href="Chicken_(Scheme_implementation)" title="Chicken (Scheme implementation)">Chicken</a></li>
<li><a href="Gambit_(scheme_implementation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambit (scheme implementation)">Gambit</a></li>
<li><a href="Game_Oriented_Assembly_Lisp" title="Game Oriented Assembly Lisp">Game Oriented Assembly Lisp</a> (GOAL)</li>
<li><a href="GNU_Guile" title="GNU Guile">GNU Guile</a></li>
<li><a href="Ikarus_(Scheme_implementation)" title="Ikarus (Scheme implementation)">Ikarus</a></li>
<li><a href="JScheme" title="JScheme">JScheme</a></li>
<li><a href="Kawa_(Scheme_implementation)" title="Kawa (Scheme implementation)">Kawa</a></li>
<li><a href="MIT/GNU_Scheme" title="MIT/GNU Scheme">MIT/GNU Scheme</a></li>
<li><a href="MultiLisp" title="MultiLisp">MultiLisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Pico_(programming_language)" title="Pico (programming language)">Pico</a></li>
<li>Pocket Scheme</li>
<li><a href="Racket_(programming_language)" title="Racket (programming language)">Racket</a> (<a href="Racket_features" title="Racket features">features</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Scheme_48" title="Scheme 48">Scheme 48</a></li>
<li><a href="SCM_(Scheme_implementation)" title="SCM (Scheme implementation)">SCM</a></li>
<li><a href="SIOD" title="SIOD">SIOD</a></li>
<li><a href="T_(programming_language)" title="T (programming language)">T</a></li>
<li><a href="TinyScheme" title="TinyScheme">TinyScheme</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="ISLISP" title="ISLISP">ISLISP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="OpenLisp" title="OpenLisp">OpenLisp</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unstandardized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Logo_(programming_language)" title="Logo (programming language)">Logo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="MSWLogo" title="MSWLogo">MSWLogo</a></li>
<li><a href="NetLogo" title="NetLogo">NetLogo</a></li>
<li><a href="StarLogo" title="StarLogo">StarLogo</a></li>
<li><a href="UCBLogo" title="UCBLogo">UCBLogo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="POP-11" title="POP-11">POP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="COWSEL" title="COWSEL">COWSEL</a> (POP-1)</li>
<li><a href="POP-2" title="POP-2">POP-2</a></li>
<li><a href="POP-11" title="POP-11">POP-11</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
<ul><li><a href="Arc_(programming_language)" title="Arc (programming language)">Arc</a></li>
<li><a href="AutoLISP" title="AutoLISP">AutoLISP</a></li>
<li><a href="BBN_LISP" title="BBN LISP">BBN LISP</a></li>
<li><a href="Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li>
<li><a href="Dylan_(programming_language)" title="Dylan (programming language)">Dylan</a> (<a href="Apple_Dylan" title="Apple Dylan">Apple</a>, <i><a href="History_of_the_Dylan_programming_language" title="History of the Dylan programming language">history</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="Emacs_Lisp" title="Emacs Lisp">Emacs Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="EuLisp" title="EuLisp">EuLisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Franz_Lisp" title="Franz Lisp">Franz Lisp</a>, <a href="PC-LISP" title="PC-LISP">PC-LISP</a></li>
<li><a href="Hy_(programming_language)" title="Hy (programming language)">Hy</a></li>
<li><a href="Interlisp" title="Interlisp">Interlisp</a></li>
<li><a href="*Lisp" title="*Lisp">*Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="LeLisp" class="mw-redirect" title="LeLisp">LeLisp</a></li>
<li><a href="LFE_(programming_language)" title="LFE (programming language)">LFE</a></li>
<li><a href="LISP_2" title="LISP 2">LISP 2</a></li>
<li><a href="Lisp_Machine_Lisp" title="Lisp Machine Lisp">Lisp Machine Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Lispkit_Lisp" title="Lispkit Lisp">Lispkit Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Maclisp" title="Maclisp">Maclisp</a></li>
<li><a href="MDL_(programming_language)" title="MDL (programming language)">MDL</a></li>
<li><a href="MLisp" title="MLisp">MLisp</a></li>
<li><a href="NewLISP" title="NewLISP">newLISP</a></li>
<li><a href="NIL_(programming_language)" title="NIL (programming language)">NIL</a></li>
<li><a href="PC-LISP" title="PC-LISP">PC-LISP</a></li>
<li><a href="Picolisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Picolisp">Picolisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Portable_Standard_Lisp" title="Portable Standard Lisp">Portable Standard Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="RPL_(programming_language)" title="RPL (programming language)">RPL</a></li>
<li><a href="S-1_Lisp" title="S-1 Lisp">S-1 Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Cadence_SKILL" title="Cadence SKILL">SKILL</a></li>
<li><a href="Spice_Lisp" title="Spice Lisp">Spice Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Zetalisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Zetalisp">Zetalisp</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<li><b><a href="Lisp_(programming_language)#Operating_systems" title="Lisp (programming language)">List</a></b></li>
<li><a href="Common_Lisp_Interface_Manager" title="Common Lisp Interface Manager">Common Lisp Interface Manager</a>, <a href="McCLIM" title="McCLIM">McCLIM</a></li>
<li><a href="Genera_(operating_system)" title="Genera (operating system)">Genera</a></li>
<li><a href="Scsh" title="Scsh">Scsh</a></li>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Lisp_machine" title="Lisp machine">Lisp machine</a>
<ul><li><a href="TI_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="TI Explorer">TI Explorer</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Space-cadet_keyboard" title="Space-cadet keyboard">Space-cadet keyboard</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community<br>of practice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Scheme_Requests_for_Implementation" title="Scheme Requests for Implementation">Scheme Requests for Implementation</a></li>
<li><a href="Common_Lisp_HyperSpec" title="Common Lisp HyperSpec">Common Lisp HyperSpec</a></li>
<li><a href="X3J13" title="X3J13">X3J13</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Common_Lisp_the_Language" title="Common Lisp the Language">Common Lisp the Language</a></li>
<li><a href="How_to_Design_Programs" title="How to Design Programs">How to Design Programs</a> (HTDP)</li>
<li><a href="On_Lisp" title="On Lisp">On Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Practical_Common_Lisp" title="Practical Common Lisp">Practical Common Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs" title="Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs">Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs</a> (SICP)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Curriculum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="ProgramByDesign" title="ProgramByDesign">ProgramByDesign</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a></li>
<li><a href="BBN_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="BBN Technologies">Bolt, Beranek and Newman</a></li>
<li><a href="Harlequin_(software_company)" title="Harlequin (software company)">Harlequin</a></li>
<li><a href="Lucid_Inc." title="Lucid Inc.">Lucid Inc.</a></li>
<li><a href="Symbolics" title="Symbolics">Symbolics</a></li>
<li><a href="Xanalys" title="Xanalys">Xanalys</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT)</li>
<li><a href="MIT_Computer_Science_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory" title="MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory">MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</a> (CSAIL)</li>
<li><a href="Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes#Stanford_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory" title="Stanford University centers and institutes">Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</a></li>
<li><a href="University_of_California%2C_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Edmund_Berkeley" title="Edmund Berkeley">Edmund Berkeley</a></li>
<li><a href="Daniel_G._Bobrow" title="Daniel G. Bobrow">Daniel G. Bobrow</a></li>
<li><a href="William_Clinger_(computer_scientist)" title="William Clinger (computer scientist)">William Clinger</a></li>
<li><a href="R._Kent_Dybvig" title="R. Kent Dybvig">R. Kent Dybvig</a></li>
<li><a href="Matthias_Felleisen" title="Matthias Felleisen">Matthias Felleisen</a></li>
<li><a href="Robert_Bruce_Findler" title="Robert Bruce Findler">Robert Bruce Findler</a></li>
<li><a href="Matthew_Flatt" title="Matthew Flatt">Matthew Flatt</a></li>
<li><a href="Phyllis_Fox" title="Phyllis Fox">Phyllis Fox</a></li>
<li><a href="Paul_Graham_(programmer)" title="Paul Graham (programmer)">Paul Graham</a></li>
<li><a href="Richard_Greenblatt_(programmer)" title="Richard Greenblatt (programmer)">Richard Greenblatt</a></li>
<li>Timothy P. Hart</li>
<li><a href="Louis_Hodes" title="Louis Hodes">Louis Hodes</a></li>
<li>Mike Levin</li>
<li><a href="David_Luckham" title="David Luckham">David Luckham</a></li>
<li><a href="John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a></li>
<li><a href="Robert_Tappan_Morris" title="Robert Tappan Morris">Robert Tappan Morris</a></li>
<li><a href="Joel_Moses" title="Joel Moses">Joel Moses</a></li>
<li><a href="David_Park_(computer_scientist)" title="David Park (computer scientist)">David Park</a></li>
<li><a href="Steve_Russell_(computer_scientist)" title="Steve Russell (computer scientist)">Steve Russell</a></li>
<li><a href="Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Scott_Fahlman" title="Scott Fahlman">Scott Fahlman</a></li>
<li><a href="Richard_P._Gabriel" title="Richard P. Gabriel">Richard P. Gabriel</a></li>
<li><a href="Philip_Greenspun" title="Philip Greenspun">Philip Greenspun</a> (<a href="Greenspun's_tenth_rule" title="Greenspun's tenth rule">10th rule</a>)</li>
<li><a href="David_A._Moon" title="David A. Moon">David A. Moon</a></li>
<li><a href="Kent_Pitman" title="Kent Pitman">Kent Pitman</a></li>
<li><a href="Guy_L._Steele_Jr." title="Guy L. Steele Jr.">Guy L. Steele Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="Daniel_Weinreb" title="Daniel Weinreb">Daniel Weinreb</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language)">Scheme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Matthias_Felleisen" title="Matthias Felleisen">Matthias Felleisen</a></li>
<li><a href="Shriram_Krishnamurthi" title="Shriram Krishnamurthi">Shriram Krishnamurthi</a></li>
<li><a href="Guy_L._Steele_Jr." title="Guy L. Steele Jr.">Guy L. Steele Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="Gerald_Jay_Sussman" title="Gerald Jay Sussman">Gerald Jay Sussman</a></li>
<li><a href="Julie_Sussman" class="mw-redirect" title="Julie Sussman">Julie Sussman</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Logo_(programming_language)" title="Logo (programming language)">Logo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Hal_Abelson" title="Hal Abelson">Hal Abelson</a></li>
<li><a href="Denison_Bollay" title="Denison Bollay">Denison Bollay</a></li>
<li><a href="Wally_Feurzeig" title="Wally Feurzeig">Wally Feurzeig</a></li>
<li><a href="Brian_Harvey_(lecturer)" title="Brian Harvey (lecturer)">Brian Harvey</a></li>
<li><a href="Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert">Seymour Papert</a></li>
<li><a href="Mitchel_Resnick" title="Mitchel Resnick">Mitchel Resnick</a></li>
<li><a href="Cynthia_Solomon" title="Cynthia Solomon">Cynthia Solomon</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="POP-11" title="POP-11">POP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Rod_Burstall" title="Rod Burstall">Rod Burstall</a></li>
<li><a href="Robin_Popplestone" title="Robin Popplestone">Robin Popplestone</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <b><a href="List_of_Lisp-family_programming_languages" title="List of Lisp-family programming languages">List</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Subject:Lisp_programming_language" class="extiw external" title="wikibooks:Subject:Lisp programming language">Books</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lisp_(programming_language)" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Lisp (programming language)">Commons</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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